ਸੋਫੀ ਪਿੰਡ ਦੇ ਘੁਮਿਆਰ ਸਭਿਆਚਾਰ ਦਾ ਅਧਿਐਨ

koeI vI smwj siBAwcwr ivhUxw nhIˆ huMdw hr smwj dw Awpxw ie`k siBAwcwr huMdw hY[ GuimAwr smwj dw vI Awpxw ie`k siBAwcwr hY[ ijs ivc aunHwˆ dw rihx-sihx, Kwx-pIx, pihrwvw, lok-DMdy, AnuSTwn, lok-Drm Awid hornwˆ siBAwcwrwˆ nwloˆ ku`J h`d q`k iBMn hn, pr Ajoky AwDuink-krn, ivSvIkrn qy qknIkI Xu`g ny hr smwj dy siBAwcwrwˆ ivc smwnqw kwiem kr id`qI hY[ GuimAwr im`tI dy Bwˆfy bxwaux vwly kwrIgr nUM ikhw jwˆdw hY, iesy kwrj qoˆ ieh ie`k v`KrI jwqI bx ky ivcrn l`gI[ hY[ ijs kwrn ienHwˆ nUM GuimAwr jwqI dy nwˆ nwl vI jwixAw jwˆdw hY[

klw ivSv ivAwpI huMdI hY[ klw hr smyˆ hr siBAwcwr ivc mOjUd sI ikauˆik klw siBAwcwr dw ivSyS AMg hY [ klw dw dwierw bhuq v`fw hY [ klw auh swgr hY [ ijs ivc klw dIAwˆ CotIAwˆ v`fIAwˆ ndIAwˆ Aw ky smw jwˆdIAwˆ hn[ lok klwvwˆ dI SRyxI ivc lok ik`qy/DMdy, lok sMgIq, lok nwt, lok nwc, ic`qrkwrI, mUrqIkwr/iSlpkwrI, iemwrq swjI Awid klwvwˆ Aw jwˆdIAwˆ hn [ lok klw lok-Dwrw dI hI dyx huMdI hY [ jykr iksy Kyqr dy siBAwcwr nUM jwxnw jwˆ pihcwnxw hovy qwˆ aus Kyqr dI lok-Dwrw nUM pihlwˆ vwicAw jwˆdw hY ikauˆik lok-Dwrw siBAwcwr dw pRYktIkl  rUp huMdw hY[ lok-Dwrw siBAwcwr nUM smJx ivc shwiek huMdI hY [ lok-Dwrw Aijhw vrqwrw huMdw hY [ ijs dy AMqrgq siBAwcwr smwieAw huMdw hY [ lok ik`qy dI vMngI ADIn luhwr, qrKwx, TiTAwr, suinAwr, slweI-kFweI, rMg-swz, bwzIgr, AwjVI, t`prIvws Awid Awpxy prMprwgq ik`iqAwˆ nUM Apxwauˆdy hn [ ies smgrI qoˆ ibnwˆ lok mnorMjn, lok swz Awid lok-Dwrw dI smgrI hY[

lok DMdy qy lok ik`qw smwnwriQk Sbd hY[ ik`qw Sbd ikrq dw hI sMKyp rUp hY [ ikrq qoˆ Bwv auh ik`qw ijhVw lok AwpxI h`QIˆ AwpxI rozI rotI kmwaux, ivAkqIgq izMdgI ijaUx, AwriQk zrUrqwˆ pUrIAwˆ krn leI Aqy AwpxI klw dw pRdrSn krn leI Apxwauˆdy hn [ aus nUM lok ik`qw ikhw jwˆdw hY [ rotI, k`pVw, mkwn, mnu`K dIAwˆ mu`FlIAwˆ qy buinAwdI loVwˆ hn [ iehnwˆ dI pUrqI leI aus nUM koeI nw koeI DMdw krnw pYˆdw hY [ jdoˆ ik`qw Sbd dy nwl lok Sbd Aw juVdw hY qwˆ ieh lok ik`qw bx Awpxw Gyrw sImq kr lYˆdw hY [ lok ik`qy Sbd ny Awpxy ArQwˆ nUM rUVH kr ies dy ArQwˆ nUM spSt kr id`qw hYḤ  

ijnHwˆ kbIilAwˆ ivc prMprwgq siBAwcwrk swˆJ huMdI hY[ aunHW dI BwSw, AnuSTwn, ik`iqAwˆ ivc vI swˆJ dyKI jw skdI hY[ lok ik`qy ivAkqIgq huMdy hoey vI smUihk isrjx dw drjw lY lYˆdy hn[ iSlp qy klw dy sumyl qoˆ ik`qw hoˆd ivc Awauˆdw hY[ ies dy AMqrgq iek ^ws ausqwdI huMdI hY[ ijhVI h`Q dI klw rwhIˆ isrjI jwˆdI hY[ ijvyˆ jdoˆ koeI GuimAwr c`k au`pr im`tI nUM koeI Awkwr dy irhw huMdw hY[ jykr aus dw iDAwn ie`Dr au`Dr vI hovygw qwˆ aus dI klw aus im`tI dy Awkwr nUM auh hI rUp dyvygI jo GuimAwr ny Awpxy mn ivc gRihx kIqw huMdw hY[ GuimAwr dI klw aus dy h`Qwˆ ivc huMdI hY [

siBAwcwr ivrsw mnu`K Awpxy bzurgwˆ qoˆ gRihx krdw hY[ ies gRihx kIqI ikirAw nUM prMprw muKI ikhw jwˆdw hY[ ies prMprw ADIn gRihx kIqI is`iKAw, vsqwˆ, ivhwrk pRbMD Awid siBAwcwr dw ih`sw huMdIAwˆ hn jwˆ ies nUM hI siBAwcwr ikhw jwˆdw hY[

Ajoky smyˆ ivc lok ik`qy dy srUp sMpUrn rUp ivc bdl cu`ky hn[ ijnHwˆ ik`iqAwˆ ivc sImq sMdwˆ dI vrqoˆ kr AwpxI aupjIvkw dw swDn bxwieAw jwˆdw sI[ aunHwˆ ik`iqAwˆ ivc hux v`D qoˆ v`D mSInIkrn dw aupXog kIqw jwˆdw hY[ mSInIkrn dy nwl DMdy suKwly qwˆ ho gey hn pr lok ik`qy bdl ky Alop hoeI jw rhy hn[imswl vjoˆ GuimAwr Awpxy c`k nUM pihlw lMmI l`T nwl Gumwauˆdw sI pr hux ibjleI XMqr motr dw aupXog krn l`g ipAw[qknIkI smyˆ ny lok ik`iqAwˆ dw muhwˆdrw hI bdl ky r`K id`qw hY[

1.      audyS

•       GuimAwr smwj dI AwriQkqw bwry jwxnw[

•       GuimAwr smwj dy Dwrimk &ls&y nUM smJxw[

•       GuimAwr smwj ivc Awey pirvrqn dw ivSlySx krnw[

2.      ivDI ivigAwn: kys st`fI ivDI

kys st`fI ivDI guxv`qw qy ivSlySx qoˆ bhuq mShUr hY Aqy ies ivc iek smwijk iekweI dI iek swvDwnI Aqy sMpUrn iv`idAw Swml hY, auh XUint iek pirvwr hovy, iek sMsQw hovy, iek siBAwcwrk smUh hovy jwˆ ie`Qoˆ qk ik smu`cw BweIcwrw[ ieh iek qrIkw hY st`fI dI ivAwpkqw dI bjwey fUMGweI ivc kys dI jwˆc krnI[ ie`k sImq igxqI dy sMpUrn ivSlySx Aqy hwlwq Aqy hor sMbMDwˆ dy pUry ivSlySx 'qy vDyry zor idMdI hY[ ies qrHwˆ dy kys dw AiDAYn lwzmI rUp ivc huMdw hY, ivSyS iekweI dI ie`k guMJldwr pVqwl ivcwr ADIn hY[ kys st`fI ivDI dw audyS q`Qwˆ dw pqw lgwauxw huMdw hY jo vqIry leI Kwqw huMdw hY - iekswr smu`cqw dy rUp ivc id`qy gey XUintwˆ dy pYtrn AY`c. AOfm Anuswr, *kys st`fI ivDI iek qknIk hY ijs duAwrw iksy sMsQw jwˆ iksy ivAkqI dy jIvn jwˆ iksy smUh dy jIvn ivc iksy iekweI dw ivSlySx kIqw jwˆdw hY jwˆ gru`p dy iksy hor ih`sy nwl ies dy sMbMD ivc ivSlySx kIqw jwˆdw hY.*[ iek ivAkqI dw iek bhuq hI sMpUrn AiDAYn (ijvyˆ ik auh krdw hY Aqy Awdm ny kI kIqw, auh kI socdw hY, auh kI krdw hY Aqy kI krdw hY, Aqy kI krn leI aukswauˆdw hY Aqy aus nUM kI krnw cwhIdw hY) jwˆ smUh nUM jIvn jwˆ kys dw ieiqhws ikhw jwˆdw hY. Sbd *ie`k smwijk iekweI dw ie`k ivAwpk AiDAYn hoxw cwhIdw hY ik auh XUint ie`k ivAkqI, ie`k smUh, ie`k swdw pRxwlI, ie`k izlHw jwˆ ie`k smudwey. hovy*

3.      sMd

so&I ipMf dy GuimAwr smwj dw siBAwcwrk AiDAYn krn leI pRSnwvlI, kYmrw, irkwrfr sMd dI vrqoˆ kIqI geI[ ies sMd ivc Kwx-pIx, pihrwvw, Dwrimk, AwriQk Awid siBAwcwr dy q`qwˆ nUM iDAwn ivc r`K ky pRSn iqAwr kIqy gey, qsvIrwˆ Aqy i&lmwˆ iqAwr kIqIAwˆ geIAwˆ sn[

4.      sYˆpilMg

ku`J mOikAwˆ qy sYˆpilMg dw sB qoˆ v`D ivvhwirk qrIkw hY sUcI ivcly 30 vyˆ nwm dI cox krnI, ies ivc votr sUcI dy qIjy ivAkqI dw au`lyK krnw ies iksm dy nmUny nUM Xojnwb`D nmUnw vjoˆ jwixAw jwˆdw hY[ qrqIbqw dw ie`k q`q Awm qOr qy ies iksm dy nmUny ivc pyS kIqw jwˆdw hY[ ijs nwl iekweI nUM cuxn leI rYˆfm nMbr dI vrqoˆ kIqI jwˆdI hY[ Aijhy ifzweIn dI sUcI ivc ku`J rlvyˆ puAwieMt dI cox kr ky cox pRikirAw SurU ivc Aqy iPr AMqly q`q dI cox audoˆ q`k kIqI jwˆdI hY jd q`k ik shI nMbr sur`iKAq nw Awvy[ so&I ipMf dy GuimAwr smwj dw siBAwcwrk AiDAYn krn leI so&I ipMf dy kul 30 GuimAwrwˆ qoˆ pRSnwvlI BrvwieAw igAw Aqy aunHwˆ dy DMdy dIAwˆ qsvIrwˆ, i&lmwˆ bxwieAw geIAwˆ[

5.      hweIpoQIss

•       GuimAwr smwj dI AwriQkqw bwry pqw l`g jwvygw[

•       GuimAwr smwj dy Dwrimk &ls&y nUM smJ ilAw jwvygw[

•       GuimAwr smwj ivc Awey pirvrqn dw ivSlySx ho jwvygw[

6.      siBAwcwr isDwˆqk pirpyK

siBAwcwr Sbd AMgryzI dy Sbd klcr dw smwnwrQI Sbd hox dy nwl-nwl smwsI Sbd vI hY[ ieh do Sbdwˆ dy sumyl s`iBAw+Awcwr qoˆ bixAw hoieAw hY[

s`iBAw + Awcwr

Civilized + Behavior

mnu`KI pRwxI dw siBAk hoxw hI siBAwcwr dw gux hY[ mnu`K Awpxw bOiDk ivkws kr Awpxy AwdrSwˆ dI isrjxw kr siBAwcwr nUM isrjdw hY[ siBAwcwr nUM ie`k jitl Aqy ie`k pRbMD ikhw igAw hY[ siBAwcwr auh pRbMD hY [ jo v`K-v`K Bwgwˆ qoˆ iml ky bixAw hoieAw hY, iksy ie`k AMg ivc  AwieAw pirvrqn siBAwcwr ivc pirvrqn lY Awauˆdw hY [ siBAwcwr nUM gRihx nhIˆ kIqw jwˆdw sgoˆ AiBAws duAwrw is`iKAw jwˆdw hY[ pIVHI AwpxI v`fI pIVHI qoˆ siBAwcwr nUM AiBAws duAwrw is`KdI krdI hY [ siBAwcwr ivc bdlwA Awauxw lwzmI huMdw hY ikauˆik siBAwcwr pRsiQqIAwˆ 'qy inrBr huMdw hY [ ies kr ky siBAwcwr smyˆ-smyˆ isr bdldw rihMdw hY[

iksy ^ws Kyqr dy, iksy ^ws jn smUh dw Awpxw siBAwcwr huMdw hY[ siBAwcwr nUM bhuq swry ivdvwnwˆ ny Awpxy ivcwrwˆ rwhIN pyS krn dy Xqn kIqy hnḤ

tweIlr Anuswr : siBAwcwr auh jitl smUh hY[ijs ivc igAwn ivSvws, klw, nYiqkqw, kwnUMn, rIqI irvwj Aqy hor sB smr`Qwvwˆ Aqy Awdqwˆ Aw jWdIAW hn [ ijhVI mnu`K smwj dw mYˆbr hox dy nwqy gRihx krdw hY[

ihrsko ivqs : siBAwcwr vwqwvrn dw mnu`K isrijAw Bwg hY[

so&I ipMf dy GuimAwr smwj dw siBAwcwrk AiDAYn

siBAwcwr dw Gyrw bhuq ivSwl ivAwpk hY iksy ^ws sQwn dy ^ws lok smUh dy ^ws BUgoilk, nUM siBAwcwr ikhw jwˆdw hY[ so&I ipMf dy GuimAwr smwj dw Awpxw ie`k siBAwcwr hY [ so&I ipMf ivc ijs Kyqr ivc GuimAwr rihMdy  hn[ aus nUM GuimAwr mMfI ikhw jwˆdw hY[ so&I ipMf dy GuimAwr smwj dI sQwpnw A`j qoˆ koeI do-FweI so swl pihlw hoeI[ GuimAwr smwj dy ieh bwiSMdy pMjwb dy mUl vsnIk nhIˆ blik ieh lok XU.pI, ibhwr qy hirduAwr vrgy Kyqrwˆ qoˆ Awey hn[ ienHwˆ lokwˆ ny pMjwb ivc Aw ky Awpxw ipqw purKI ik`qw pihlw vwˆg brkrwr r`iKAw[ ienHwˆ SrnwrQIAwˆ dy kihx Anuswr ienHwˆ lokwˆ dI klw qoˆ pRsMn ho ky srkwr ny ienHwˆ nUM rihx leI sQwn dy ky kw&I mdd kIqI[ GuimAwr mMfI ivc lweItwˆ qy Zusl^winAwˆ dw pRbMD vI srkwr dI mdd sdky hI hoieAw[  AwpxI rozI rotI leI ienHwˆ lokwˆ ny im`tI dy Bwˆfy bxwaux vwlw ipqw purKI ik`qy dw hI shwrw ilAw[ Ajoky pMjwb ivc im`tI dy auh Bwˆfy Alop jwˆ vrqoˆ G`t ho geI jo purwxy pMjwb ivc vDyry  vrqy jwˆdy sn[ ienHwˆ ivcoˆ qoVI, GVw, ku`jy, surweIAwˆ Awid dw nwˆ ilAw jw skdw hY[ A`j dy pUMjIvwd dy dOr ivc im`tI dy BwˆifAwˆ dI vrqoˆ Grwˆ dy kMmwˆ ivc G`t, pMjwbI siBAwcwr dw pRdrSn krn vwilAwˆ sMsQwvwˆ dI swzo-sjwvt leI v`D kIqI jwˆdI hY[ purwxy pMjwb ivc stIl jwˆ islvr dy BwˆifAwˆ dI vrqoˆ nw-brwbr sI[ izAwdwqr im`tI dy BwˆifAwˆ dI vrqoˆ izAwdw huMdI sI[ ijvyˆ A`j dy stIl dy glws dI jgHw im`tI dw glws vriqAwˆ jwˆdw sI pr A`j dy dOr ivc ieh im`tI dw glws 'hvylI' vrigAwˆ pMjwbI siBAwcwr dw pRdrSn krn vwilAwˆ sMsQwvwˆ ivc v`D vrqy jwˆdy hn[

Ajoky pMjwb ivc im`tI dy BwˆifAwˆ dI vrqoˆ bhuq G`t geI[ Ajoky smyˆ ivc im`tI dy Bwˆfy jwˆ Grwˆ dI swzo sjwvt dw smwn ijvyˆ koeI guldsqw, Awid Ajoky smyˆ dI mMg bx igAw hY[ im`tI dy Bwˆfy bxwaux leI GuimAwr vrg dw pUrw pirvwr AwpxI BUimkw inBwauˆdw hY[ b`cy qoˆ lY ky bzurgwˆ, AOrqwˆ mrd sB iml ky kMm krdy hn[ im`tI dy Bwˆfy bxwaux leI ie`k ^ws pRkwr dI cIkxI im`tI dI vrqoˆ kIqI jwˆdI hY[ sB qoˆ pihlw im`tI nUM ku`t-ku`t ky brIk kIqw jwˆdw hY qy iPr aus nUM pwxI ivc iBauˆ ky r`iKAw jwˆdw hY[ iBauˆx qoˆ bwAd ie`k Cwnxy dI shwieqw nwl im`tI nUM CwixAw jwˆdw hY[ ijs nwl im`tI ivc rilAw kcrw v`K ho jwˆdw[  ies pRikirAw qoˆ bwAd aus im`tI nUM Awty vwˆg guMinAw jwˆdw hY[ im`tI nUM guMnHx qoˆ bwAd im`tI nUM c`k 'qy iljwieAw jwˆdw hY[ c`k 'qy im`tI r`K ky GuimAwr Awpxy h`Q dI klw nwl im`tI dw rUp A^iqAwr krdw hY[

GuimAwr smwj dI AwriQk dw vsIlw aunHwˆ dI ipqw purKI cldw Aw irhw mu`K ik`qw im`tI dy Bwˆfy bxwauxw hI hY[ ku`J ku pirvwr Aijhy vI hn[ jo ies ik`qy dy nwl shwiek ik`qw &wst-&Uf dI ryhVI lwauxw, Awto-cwlk Awid shwiek ikqy krdy hn, pr izAwdwqr lokwˆ dw Bwˆfy bxwaux dw ik`qw hI AwriQk vsIlw bxdw hY[ GuimAwr ijMnI imhnq nwl Bwˆfy bxwauˆdw hY aus nUM ieMnI ievz nhIˆ imldI[ im`tI dy BwˆifAwˆ dw vpwr krn vwly vpwrI GuimAwr vrg dy imhnq dy mukwbly bhuq G`t pUMjI idMdy hn[ ijs nwl ies vrg dI AwriQk siQqI ivc bhuqw inGwr jwˆ pirvrqn nhIˆ Awauˆdw[ im`tI dw ku`jw bwzwr ivc G`to-G`t 20-25 rupey ivc imldw hY pr ieh vpwrI GuimAwr pwsoˆ 4-5 rupey dw ^rIddy hn[ Bwˆfy bxwaux au`qy Awey ^rc nUM dyiKAw jwvy qwˆ GuimAwr nUM Bwˆfy dw mu`l bhuq G`t imldw hY[ 2000 hzwr dI cIkxI im`tI dI trwlI qy au`qoˆ BwˆifAwˆ nUM pkwaux leI k`K, kMfVw, bUrw, pwQIAwˆ Awid bwlx vI mu`l ^rIddy hn[ GuimAwr dw ieh lok ik`qw guzwry jogI rotI idvwaux ivc hI shweI huMdw hY[ izMdgI dIAwˆ hor zrUrqwˆ ijvyˆ kwr, motrsweIkl Awid zrUrqwˆ dI pUrqI krnw qwˆ bhuq dUr dI g`l hY[ ies ivc koeI S`k nhIˆ ik GuimAwr vrg AwpxI imhnq sdkw k`cy Grwˆ nUM p`ky Grwˆ ivc qbdIl kIqw[

ijvyˆ pMjwbI m`kI dI rotI qy srHoˆ dw swg nUM bhuq psMd krdy Evyˆ GuimAwr smwj  nUM cOl psMd hY[ auh Awpxy rozwnw dy Kwxy ivc ie`k smyˆ cOl zrUr Kwˆdy hn[ cOl Aijhw Anwj bIj rUp ijs nUM auh Awpxy kul dyvqw dI pUjw ivc vI Swiml krdy hn[ ^uSI dy mOky 'qy jwˆ idn iqauhwr KIr, pUVy, guzIAw Awid pkvwn vI iqAwr krdy hn[ AwriQk qMgI hox kwrn hotl ivc jw ky rotI Kwx GuimAwr vrg dI phuMc ivc nhIˆ[

so&I ipMf dy GuimAwr mMfI ivc rihx vwly GuimAwr vrg Bgvwn iSv nUM Awpxy kul dyvqw mMn aus dI pUjw krdy hn[ aunHwˆ ny GuimAwr mMfI ivc iqMn iSv mMidr bxwey hn[ ieh mMidr aunHwˆ dy bzurgwˆ v`loˆ bxwey gey jo do-FweI so swl pihlw Aw ky vsy [ iSv dI pUjw qoˆ ielwvw ies vrg dw ie`k swˆJw siqgurU hY ijs nUM nMglIey vwly siqgurU dy nwˆ nwl jwixAw jwˆdw hY[ bsMq dy iqauhwr qy ieh vrg iek`Ty ho ky nMglIey vwly siqgurU dw siqsMg krvwauˆdy hn[ ies qoˆ ielwvw v`fy vfyirAwˆ dI pUjw, im`tI dI pUjw Awpxy AOzwrwˆ dI pUjw, krdy Awid AnuSTwn nUM mMndy hn[

p`CmI siBAwcwr dy pRBwv kwrn GuimAwr smwj dy pihrwvy ivc vI pirvrqn AwieAw hY[ Grwˆ dIAwˆ bzurg AOrqwˆ v`loˆ Ajy vI prMprwgq pihrwvw Bwv swVI hI lweI jwˆdI hY Aqy p`cI swl pihlwˆ pMjwbI pihrwvw sUt pwaux dw AiDkwr nwrI nUM pRwpq hoieAw, pr ies smwj dI nvIˆ pIVI dy muMfy-kuVIAwˆ p`CmI pihrwvw dy kwbz hox kwrn zIn, tI-Srt Awid pwauˆdy hn[ pMjwbI siBAwcwr dy pihrwvy nUM vI ieh vrg vDyry qrzIh dyx l`gy hn[ ies smwj dIAwˆ ADKV aumr dIAwˆ AOrqwˆ ny pMjwbI sUt pwaux dI lIh qorI[

so&I ipMf dy GuimAwr smwj dw siBAwcwrk AiDAYn nwl sMbMiDq bhuq swrI jwxkwrI GuimAwr smwj qoˆ imlI GuimAwr smwj dw ie`k Awpxw siBAwcwr hY ijs nUM auh prMprwgq FMg nwl mwxdy Aw rhy hn pr A`j dy pUMjIvwdI dOr ny aunHwˆ dy Kwx-pIx, pihrwvw, kdrwˆ-kImqwˆ Awid au`qy bhuq pRBwv ipAw hY[ ies pRBwv ADIn ies vrg dw pihrwvw lgBg bdl igAw[ Kwx pIx dIAwˆ vsqwˆ ivc jMk PUf Swiml ho igAw[  ip`qr muKI ik`qy dy nwl aunHwˆ hor ik`qy vI Apxw ley hn[ jo aunHwˆ dI aupjIvkw dw swDn bxdy hn[

sonUM (11509958) bI. AY`f, AY`m.ey.pMjwbI

sMdIp kumwr (11511030) bI.ey. , AY`m.ey.pMjwbI

pMjwbI ivBwg, lvlI pRoPYSnl XUnIvristI, PgvwVw[