ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਬਾਣੀ ਵਿਚ ਵਰਣਿਤ ਅਧਿਆਤਮਕ-ਸਦਾਚਾਰਕ 'ਗੁਣ ਫ਼ਲਸਫ਼ਾ

mn dI Su`DI gurU nwnk bwxI 'c idRStmwn hoey swDnw-mwrg dw pihlw pVwE hY, jo S`uB Amlw ’qy AwDwirq hY[ gurU nwnk bwxI S`uB Awcrx nUM sB qoˆ au`cw drjw idMdI hY[ S`uB Awcrx ArQwq sdwcwr dw jnm mnu`KI soc dy nwl hI pYdw hoieAw sMklp hY[ sdwcwr leI AMgryzI Sbd  Morality lwqInI BwSw dy Sbd ‘MOS’ qoˆ bixAw hY ijs dw Bwv 'ivhwr' jwˆ 'cir`qr' hY[ ieiqhwsk idRStI qoˆ mu`F qoˆ hI sdwcwr dw sMbMD Drm nwl irhw hY qy hr Drm dw audyS swqivk rucIAwˆ ADIn sdwcwr jwˆ nYiqkqw au`qy bl dyxw hY[ pI.vI. kwxy ilKdw hY, ''Drm qoˆ aunHwˆ dw Bwv iksy ivSyS eISvrI m`q qoˆ nhIˆ blik jIvn dy ie`k qrIky jwˆ Awcrx dI ie`k sihMqw qoˆ hY jo ik ivAkqI dy rUp ivc ArQwq smwj dy mYˆbr dy rUp ivc ie`k ivAkqI dy kMmwˆ nUM inXmq krdI hY Aqy aus dw audyS ivAkqI ivc krmboD ivkws krnw ArQwq aus nMU ies Xog bxwauxw ik mwnv jIvn dy AMiqm audyS qk phuMc sky[''¹

          mwnv jIvn dw AMiqm audyS inrMkwr ivc AnuBv rwhIˆ pRvyS hoxw hY[ gurU nwnk dw inrMkwr AnMq, srb klw sMpMn, inrwkwr, pUrn bRhm hY[ jgq bRhm duAwrw isrijAw prpMc hY qy bRhm dy isrjy hoey jgq ivc mnu`K dI hoˆd hY[ gurbwxI dy AiDAwqmk icMqn 'c jIv-Awqmw prm-Awqmw dw AMS hY Aqy aus au`qy inrBr hY[ mnu`K ie`k pwsy jgq dy isrjk bRhm dw AMS hY pr mnu`KI Awqmw mwieAw dy pRBwv kwrn kwm, kRoD, loB, moh, AhMkwr Awid ivkwrwˆ dw iSkwr hY[ mnu`KI Awqmw mnu`K dy mMdy Amlwˆ kwrn AigAwnqw ADIn Awpxy AMSI qoˆ iv`CVI hoeI hY[ ies idRStI qoˆ 'jIv' pRmwqmw Aqy jgq dw kyˆdrI ibMdU bx jwˆdw hY, ies pRsMg ivc jgbIr isMG dI ieh it`pxI iDAwn dyx Xog hY :

''mnu`K dI hoˆd Awpxy AMdr vic`qr ivroDwBws nUM sMBwlI bYTI hY[ ies ivroDwBwsI jwˆ sm`isAw gRsq siQqI kwrn mnu`K vwsqivkqw qy sMBwvnw dI dvYq nUM hMFwauˆdw hY[ aus dI vwsqivkqw ieh hY ik auh nwSmwn jgq ivc nwSmwn dyh dy rUp ivc ivcrdw hY, aus dy AMdr bRhm dw AivnwSI AMg vI mOjUd hY jo aus dI prmwrQI sMBwvnw hY[''²

gurU nwnk dyv jI ny ies AiDAwqmk idRStIkox dI ivAwiKAw jpu jI swihb ivc kIqI hY[ ies dw swr-q`q ies bwxI dI pihlI pauVI dIAwˆ hyTlIAwˆ pMkqIAwˆ ivc dyiKAw jw skdw hY[

ikv sicAwrw hoeIAY ikvu kUVY qutY pwil]

hukim rjweI clxw nwnk iliKAw nwl]³

kUV dI pwl ivc PisAw mnu`K ies pwl nUM qoV ky sicAwrw ikvyˆ ho skdw hY? ies pRSn dy au`qr ivc hukm Aqy rjw nUM kUV Aqy s`c ivclI iv`Q nUM mytx dw AwDwr mMinAw hY[ ies hukm dI pCwx leI mnu`K nUM gurU dI AiDAwqmk AgvweI dI loV hY[ gurU dI AiDAwqmk AgvweI pRwpq kr ky hI mnu`K kwm, kRoD, loB, moh, AhMkwr dy duinAwvI prpMc qoˆ moh BMg krdw hoieAw siq dI pRwpqI dy mwrg au`qy qur pYˆdw hY[ siq dy mwrg dI pRDwn jugq rh`svwd Aqy nYiqkqw hn[ ''rh`svwd Asl ivc Awqm Aqy Anwqm dI eykqw Aqy ABydqw dw isDwˆq hY[ rUhwnI idRStI qoˆ ieh jIvwqmw Aqy pRmwqmw dI pRym-meI ABydqw dw AnoKw Aihsws hY ijs nUM bUMd dy swgr ivc ie`k-im`k ho jwx dI AvsQw dy rUp ivc sMklipAw igAw hY Aqy Dn-ipr jwˆ pqI-pqnI dy AMqrMg ipAwr AnuBv dy rUp ivc vI[''⁴

          gurU nwnk bwxI dw AiDAwqmk-sdwcwrk 'gux &ls&w' ies rh`svwdI cyqnqw dI aupj hY[ s`c nUM pRwpq krnw srvau`c hY pr ies qoˆ vI aucyrw s`c hY 'Awcwr'[ gurU nwnk bwxI ivc nYiqkqw dI vwsqivkqw nUM pUrI qrHwˆ svIkwirAw igAw hY[ grU nwnk dyv jI dw Purmwx hY[

schu aurY sB ko aUpir scu Awcwr]⁵

ies rh`svwdI AnuBv dw sdwcwrk p`K dieAw, sMqoK, s`c, sMjm Aqy iensw& vrgy guxwˆ dw pRcwr krdw hoieAw in`jI ihqW dI bjwey smUihk hIq dI g`l krdw hY[ gurU nwnk bwxI dw kyˆdr-ibMdU mwnv nhIˆ, ArUp bRhm hY pr ies dw Jukwau mwnvvwdI Aqy mwnv p`KI hY[ gurU swihb ny jwq-pwq, Drm, ielwkweI vMf Aqy rMg dy Byd nUM svIkwry ibnwˆ mnu`K nUM mnu`K dy rUp ivc pCwxn Xog Aqy pRiqSiTq bxwieAw hY[

          gurU nwnk dyv jI dy isrjq sMswr ivc smkwlI XQwrQ Aqy mUl mwnvI srokwrwˆ dw bhup`KI idRS Awp muhwry mUrqImwn huMdw hY[ gurU swihb ny Awpxy smyˆ dy smwijk, ieiqhwsk siBAwcwrk XQwrQ nUM swhmxy r`K ky hI Awpxy AiDAwqmk rUhwnI sMdyS dI isrjnw kIqI hY[ ies duAwrw aunHwˆ ny mwnvI jIvn dy Dwrimk, smwijk qy sWsikRiqk mu`lwˆ ivc AweI sdwcwrk igrwvt nUM swhmxy ilAwˆdw hY[ mnu`K nUM AiDAwqmk p`Dr au`pr jwigRq krn leI auh lOikk jgq dy XQwrQ nUM aujwgr krdy hoey mwnvI gOrv Aqy svY-mwx dy sdIvI pRyrxw-sroqwˆ nwl juVn dI cyqnw pYdw krdy hn[

          mnu`K dI mnu`K nwl swˆJ dw ie`k mwqr pRgtwvw AiDAwqmk gux &ls&w ArQwq nYiqk guxwˆ dw vtwˆdrw hY[ guxwˆ dw sMcwr hox nwl hI AOguxwˆ dw ^wqmw sMBv hY qy ijauˆ ijauˆ AOgux imtdy jwxgy guxwˆ 'c vwDw lwzmI hY[ gurU nwnk dyv jI dw Purmwx hY :

swJ krIjY guxh kyrI Coif Avgx clIAY]⁶

''squ, sMqoK qy igAwn, sdwcwr dw gux &ls&w hY['' squ aus AiBAws v`l sMkyq hY, jo s`c dy AwdrS nUM ivvhwirk jIvn ivc 's`c-Awcwr' dy rUp ivc gRihx krdw hY[''7 s`c-AwcwrI mnu`K sdw piv`qr jIvn ijaUˆdw hY[ aus dI ies su`cmqw dw pRgtwvw aus dy inAwˆpUrn ivvhwr, gRihsQI jIvn ivc prp`kqw Aqy h`k dI kmweI rwhIˆ huMdw hY[ AijhI jIvn jwˆc vwlw ivAkqI 'sMqoK' dy guxwˆ dw DwrxI huMdw hY jo aus nUM mwieAw dy lwlcI pRBwv qoˆ au`pr au`T ky jIvn nUM sMjm ivc rihx keI pRyirq krdw hY[ igAwn dw sMbMD bu`DI nwl hY[ ibbyk bu`D mnu`K nUM piv`qr/Apiv`qr dI shI pCwx krvw dy sdwcwrk mwrg v`l Agrsr kr skdI hY[ sdwcwrk mwrg qy c`lidAW inmrqw, dieAw qy iqAwg vrgy sdgux Awp muhwry AiDAwqmk &ls&y dw AMg bx ky Awqimk pRgqI 'c shwiek bxdy hn[

          ienHwˆ swry guxwˆ dw ^zwnw pRmwqmw Awp hY[ nwSvwn srIr Bwv mnu`K dw qwˆ koeI gux hI nhIˆ[ pr guxwˆ dw sMcwr hoey ibnwˆ BgqI ho hI nhIˆ skdI[ gurU jI &rmwauNdy hn :

siB gux qyry mY nwhI hoie]

ivxu gux kIqy Bgiq n hoie]⁸

guxwˆ dw mUl Akwl purK Awp hY qy mnu`K ny aus qoˆ gux lYxy hn qy aunHwˆ guxwˆ dw Awpxy jIvx ivc v`D qoˆ v`D ivkws krnw hY ikauˆik iehI gux Awqimk jIvx dw AwDwr bxdy hn Bwv Awqimk jIvx dI nIˆh hY qy BgqI Bwv ismrn ies nIˆh dw auswr, pRmwqmw dy guxwˆ dw pUrn pRym Aqy SrDw Bwv nwl icMqn krnw hI BgqI hY[ ies dw audyS 'gurmuK' dI AvsQw Bwv bRhm-igAwn dI pRwpqI hY jo AiDAwqmk sdwcwrk guxwˆ dw mnu`K mwqr 'c sMcwr rwhIˆ hI sMBv hY[ gurU nwnk bwxI dw gux—&ls&w iqAwg AQvw sMinAws Dwrn kr ky dunIAwˆ qoˆ bwhr cly jwx dI AwigAw nhIˆ dyˆdw[ gurU nwnk dyv jI ny 'is`D goSt' ivc jogIAwˆ nUM prbqwˆ ivc jw ky Cup bYTx dI bjwey gRihsQ jIvx 'c rihMidAwˆ BgqI dw aupdyS id`qw :

jYsy jl mih kmlu inrwlmu murgweI nY swxY]

suriq sbid Bv swgru qrIAY nwnk nwm vKwxY]

rhih iekwiq eyko min visAw Awsw mwih inrwso]

Agmu Agocru dyiK idKwey nwnku qw kw dwso]⁹

Asl ivc gurU nwnk bwxI dI mUl sur nYiqk idRStI qoˆ mnu`K nUM ies Xog bxwauxw sI ij`Qy auh smwijk izMmyvwrIAwˆ inBwauˆidAwˆ hoieAw AiDAwqmk s`c v`l Agrsr rhy[ hrI isMG BwrqI ilKdw hY ''gurU nwnk dI smu`cI nYiqk idRStI mnu`K nUM ies Xog bxwaux dI sI ik mnu`K ie`k pwsy AwpxIAwˆ smwijk GrylU qy duinAwvI izMmyvwrIAwˆ nUM smu`cy FMg nwl inBwey Aqy dUjy pwsy AiDAwqimk mMflwˆ nwl vI juiVAw rhy[''<sup>10</sup> ie`Qy ieh g`l ivcwrnXog hY ik gurU nwnk dyv jI dw AiDAwqmk sdwcwrk gux &ls&w smwijk pirpyK 'c hI swriQk hY ikauˆik gurU swihb srIrk qp Aqy hT jog nUM mUloˆ hI r`d krdy hn[ s`c qy sMjm dy guxwˆ nUM Dwrn kIiqAwˆ igRhsq Drm nUM inBwauxw hI mnu`K dw nYiqk krm hY[

          's`c' mnu`KI cyqnw dw ie`k s`cw qy su`cw krm AnuBv hY[ gurU nwnk bwxI 'c Drm dw swr 's`c' hI hY :

ihrdY scu eyh krxI swru]

horu sBu pwKMfu pUj KuAwru]¹¹

s`c nUM ihrdy ivc vswauxw smu`cy jIvx nUM nYiqkqw dy sUqr ivc Fwlxw hY[ smwijk pRpMc dw ih`sw hox sdkw mnu`K AwpxI hoˆd dy BOiqk ivsqwr dI kYd ivcoN Awzwd ho ky au`cqm AiDAwqimk pRwpqI ikvyˆ kr skdw hY? ies pRSn dw au`qr gRihsq jIvx qy AwDwirq smwijk srokwrwˆ vwlI gurmiq ivcwrDwrw-ikrq krnw, vMf Ckx Aqy nwm jpx dy qRY-mUrqI ivvsQw 'qy au`srdI nzr AwauˆdI hY[

          mnu`K ny gRihsq jIvx nUM clwaux keI iemwndwrI nwl d`swˆ nhuMAwˆ dI ikrq krnI hY Aqy prwieAw h`k Kwx qoˆ guryz krnw hY ikauˆik Aijhw kIiqAwˆ aus dI ikrq mlInqw qoˆ s`KxI ho jwˆdI hY[ AijhI soc Dwrx kIiqAwˆ mnu`K mn nUM loB-lwlc, Awls, ivhl puxy qy dUsry dI ikrq kmweI nUM hiQAwaux vrgI iGxOnI soc qoˆ bicAw rihMdw hY[ gurU nwnk dyv jI dw idRVH ivSvws hY ik ikrq kmweI krn vwlw mnu`K hmySw DrmI mnu`K huMdw hY Aqy Aijhw mnu`K kdy vI iksy dw mMdw nhIˆ icqvdw[ Awp dw Purmwx hY :

syv kIqI sMqoKeI ijnI sco scu iDAwieAw]

EnI mMdY pYr n riKE kir suikRq Drm kmwieAw]¹²

vMf Ckxw smwijk inAwie dI mn mrzI nwl icqrI mUrq hY ijs ip`Cy mnu`K jwqI dw BrwqrIAqw dw Bwv kMm kr irhw huMdw hY[ gurU nwl ies DrqI nUM Drmswl AwKdy hn qy swry mnu`K ie`k Drm-ipqw pRmwqmw dI sMqwn hn AwpxI ikrq kmweI ivcoN AwpxI in`j loVwˆ dI pUrqI auprMq dUijAwˆ dI BlweI dw sMklp pRmwqmw dI srv-ivAwpI hoˆd 'c idRVH inScy dw pRqIk hY[ ijs kr ky  mwnisk soc AMdr suihrdqw, imTws, Apx`q, inmrqw Aqy brwbrI dy Bwvwˆ dw sMcwr huMdw hY[ ivSv pRiq eykqw qy mwnvqw BrpUr sUJ pYdw huMdI hY Aqy 'eyk ipqw eyks dy hm bwirk' dy gu`Jy rh`s nUM smJx vwlI ibbyk bu`D dI pRwpqI huMdI hY[ gurU nwnk bwxI 'c ij`Qy ikrq dI kmweI nUM vifAwieAw igAw hY[ au`Qy ikrq qoˆ s`Kxy ienswn nUM durkwirAw igAw hY[ ikrq kmweI qoˆ s`Kxw ienswn jo corI kr ky Dn iek`qr krdw hY, keI gurU swihb AwKdy hn ik cor jo corI kr ky pRwpq kIqy DMn ivcoN dwn idMdw hY qwˆ auh dwnI nhIˆ bx jwvygw cor hI AKvweygw qy aus dy vfyry vI cor hI igxy jwxgy :

jy mohwkw Gru muhY Gru muih ipqrI dyie]

AgY vsqu is\wxIAY ipqrI cor kryie]¹³

'nwm jpxw' AiDAwqmk gux swDnw dI cUl hY[ gurbwxI 'c nwm jpx dw sMklp guxwˆ dy somy pRmwqmw dy guxwˆ dw hI gwiex krnw hY[ gurU nwnk bwxI 'c mwnisk Aqy AiDAwqmk au`nqI leI nwm jpx au`pr bl id`qw hY[ 'nwm' smwDI lgwauxw nhIˆ ikauˆik gurU jI mon-cu`p Aqy qp Awid nUM r`d krdy hn[ nwm-ismrn pwrbRhm dI ArwDnw hY qy ArwDnw nwl Awqimk jIvx nUM bl imldw hY[ nwm 'c AijhI SkqI hY jo mnu`KI AOguxwˆ nUM k`tx dy smr`Q hY qy aunHwˆ dI Qwˆ guxwˆ nUM sMcwirq krdI hY[ nwm-ismrn ij`Qy ic`q nUM bRhm nwl joVn dw swDn hY au`Qy ieh AMqrkrx dI mYl vI k`tdw hY ijvyˆ srIrk mYl Dox leI bwhrI swDnwˆ dI loV rihMdI hY, iqvyˆ AMqr dI mYl k`tx leI nwm shwiek jugq bxdw hY :

BrIAY hQu pYru qnu dyh]

pwxI DoqY auqrsu Kyh]

mUl plIqI kpVu hoie]

dy swbUxu leIAY Ehu Doie]

BrIAY miq pwpw kY sMig]

Ehu DopY nwvY kY rMg]¹⁴

siq nUM nwm swDnw duAwrw Su`D kr ky hI Awqm-is`DI ijs nUM mukq-pd jwˆ prmpd dI sMigAw id`qI geI hY, dI pRwpqI sdwcwrk AiDAwqmk &ls&y dw swDnwqmk p`K hY[

          sdwcwrk jIvx jwˆc hI Drm-SwSqrI SbdwvlI ivc mnu`K dI srb-au`c sMBwvnw hY, ijs qy c`lidAW hoieAwˆ auh AMqr-Awqmy s`c dw AnuBv gRihx krdw hY :

Awqm mih rwm rwm mih Awqm]¹⁵

prmwrQk idRStI qoˆ mnu`K ivclw ieh AiDAwqimk q`q hI aus dw vwsqivk Awpw hY, prMqU mwieAw dy pRBwv ADIn ieh AhM dw iSkwr ho pMc-BUqk srIr nUM Awpxw sB k`uJ smJx l`g jwˆdw hY[ AiDAwqimk-sdwcwrk gux &ls&w mnu`K nUM AigAwnqw dy Brm-jwl ivcoN k`F ky Awqimk q`q Bwv 's`c' dI pCwx krvwauxw hY[

hvwly qy it`pxIAwˆ

1. hrI isMG BwrqI 'gurU nwnk dw sdwcwr-mwrg' pMnw 15 qy auDirq

2. pMjwbI swih`q dw ieiqhws 'gurmiq kwiv dw ieiqhws' pMny, 31-32

3. gurU gRMQ swihb, pMnw 1

4. jgbIr isMG pMjwbI swih`q dw ieiqhws 'gurmiq kwiv dw ieiqhws' pMny 32-33

5. guru gRMQ swihb, pMnw 62

6. auhI, pMnw 766

7. vjIr isMG ''is`K Drm dw nYiqk p`K'' 'is`K &ls&y dI rUpryKw', pMnw 155

8. guru gRMQ swihb, pMnw 4

9. auhI pMnw, 83

10. gurU nwnk dw sdwcwr-mwrg, pMnw 38

11. guru gRMQ swihb, pMnw, 1343

12. auhI, pMnw 188

13. auhI, pMnw 472

14. auhI, pMnw 4

15. auhI, pMnw 1143

fw. ieMdrjIq kOr,

AisstYˆt pRoPYsr

gurU nwnk kwlj suKcYx Awxw swihb, PgvwVw